Category: Academic articles
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đ§ TIA & Stroke Management: Updated Evidence-Based Approach
Transient IschemIic Attack (TIA) āĻšāĻ˛ā§, āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ Antiplatelet āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¨? â Latest guidelines āĻŦāĻ˛āĻā§, high-risk TIA āĻŦāĻž minor stroke āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤ â Evidence-based āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ā§ stroke recurrence ā§¨ā§Ģâā§Šā§Ļ% āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻŦāĨ¤ đ 1. Acute TIA/Stroke Management (Within 12 Hours) đš First-Line Therapy: Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) High-risk…
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Asthma āĻāĻŦāĻ COPD āĻ¸āĻŽā§ā§ āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ā§ āĻ°āĻ āĻŦāĻĻāĻ˛āĻžā§…
đšāĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ asthma āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ COPD āĻ¸āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ? āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻšāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ! āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻāĻˇā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻā§āĻ˛ā§: ⥠Parasympathetic dominance: āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§ parasympathetic nervous system āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ active āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻĢāĻ˛ā§ bronchoconstriction (āĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž) āĻŦā§āĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ ⥠Cortisol level â: Cortisol (natural anti-inflammatory hormone) āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻĢāĻ˛ā§ inflammation āĻŦā§āĻĄāĻŧā§ airway hyperreactivity āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§…
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Multiple Myeloma āĻ Kidney Failure â āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻā§?
Multiple Myeloma āĻ Kidney Failure â āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻā§? đŦ Multiple Myeloma āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻ° plasma cell cancer, āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ abnormal monoclonal light chains (Bence Jones proteins) āĻ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻ light chains āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻĄāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻŽāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§ renal failure āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāĻĄāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻˇā§āĻ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ? 1ī¸âŖ Light Chain Cast Nephropathy (Myeloma Kidney) āĻāĻŋāĻĄāĻ¨āĻŋ light…
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đ āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§?đ
đ āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§?đ āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ metabolism, digestive efficiency, āĻāĻŦāĻ immune function āĻāĻŽā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ āĻ°ā§āĻāĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ proper nutrition & hydration āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ chronic conditions (diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, arthritis) āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¤āĻŦā§ doctorâs consultation āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ°ā§āĻāĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ…
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Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Neurogenic Bladder (NGB)
Urinary Tract Infection Prevention in Neurogenic Bladder- Introduction: Patients with neurogenic bladder (NGB), caused by central or peripheral nervous system disorders such as spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple sclerosis (MS), spina bifida (SB), cerebral palsy, or Parkinson’s disease, often experience impaired bladder function. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common complication in this population,…
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Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Children and Adolescents
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in children and adolescents has become a significant concern, particularly given its link to obesity and potential long-term vascular complications, similar to adult-onset diabetes. Pediatric T2DM differs from adult-onset disease in that it often has more aggressive progression, including difficulties in maintaining long-term glycemic control and earlier complications. The TODAY…
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NSAID āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§ āĻāĻ°ā§, āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦā§??
Writer : āĻĄāĻž. āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻĸāĻžāĻŽā§āĻ, K-65. NSAID, GIT āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§ āĻāĻ°ā§! PPI, GIT āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°ā§! āĻ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ¯, NSAID āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ PPI (proton pump inhibitor) āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ āĻā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ! āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻž āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§āĻ¸āĻŋ āĻĨā§āĻā§ PPI āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ! āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻĒāĻļāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§,…
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āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽā§ Mask āĻĒā§ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻ¨āĻž !!
Writer : āĻĄāĻž. āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸āĻžāĻ°, āĻĸāĻžāĻŽā§āĻ, āĻā§-ā§Ŧā§Ģ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻāĻāĻŋ, āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻšāĻ āĻžā§ āĻāĻ¸ā§ āĻ§āĻžāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻā§āĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻžāĻ¤ āĻŽā§āĻāĻž, āĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻ āĻŽā§āĻāĻž! āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° skin āĻšāĻ˛ āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ primary defence. skin āĻ āĻ¯ā§ sweat āĻŦāĻž sebaceous discharge āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° anti-microbial properties āĻāĻā§, āĻ¯āĻž āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž microbes āĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨…
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Investigations Of Rheumatoid arthritis !!
Writer : Mufti Dr. Ismail Azhari ( MBBS, MRCP P-1) Rheumatoid arthritis āĻĒā§āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻšāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻāĻā§āĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĨāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻ¸āĻŦā§, āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻā§āĻŽ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻ˛ā§ āĻšāĻžāĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻ§āĻž āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, Distal Inter phalngeal joint āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŦā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°, āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻ¨ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻāĻž āĻāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ¨ āĻ…
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Concept Regarding- Moxaclav !!
Writer : Mufti Dr. Ismail Azhari ( MBBS, MRCP P-1) Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid āĻāĻ° Combination – Moxaclav. āĻ Extended spectrum penicillin āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻĒāĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ Coverage āĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ Amoxicillin, Fimoxil āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, (Clavulanic Acid āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž) āĻā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻĒāĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ organism āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ Infection suspect āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ā§ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ Fimoxil āĻĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻšāĻŦā§, Clavulanic Acid āĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻž… āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ Clavulanic…
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Open Pores āĻā§, āĻāĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ/āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§ !!
Writer : Dr. Tania Hafiz. đ´ Open Pores (Skin Problem) : āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻžā§ āĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻāĻ° āĻĄāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§āĻ˛āĻāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ counselling advice āĻĻā§ā§āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ readyāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ…
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āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ Shock āĻ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻĄ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ā§ āĻā§ā§āĻāĻāĻž Management principles āĻļāĻŋāĻāĻŋ !!
Writer : Adnan Mahmud Tamim ( Mentor, MediVerse ) āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ :shock! āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻā§ āĻļāĻā§ āĻ¯āĻžā§ āĻāĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻāĻĒāĻŋāĻ!āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ Shock āĻ Fluid āĻ¨āĻŋā§ā§ āĻā§ā§āĻāĻāĻž āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŽā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ principles āĻļāĻŋāĻāĻŋ : ā§§. āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ Shock āĻšā§āĻ,āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ āĻšā§āĻāĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§ Hypovolemia and inadequate preload manage āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻŦā§! ā§¨. Inotrope, chronotrope āĻĻā§ā§āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻā§ āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ Hypovolemia correction āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻŦā§!…
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āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻĨāĻžāĨ¤
Writer : Dr. Tania Hafiz2003-2004 đ āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§ Abortifacient ( Misoprostol / MM Kits like drugs) Advice āĻāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻž āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻĒāĻļāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻŦā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ đ āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŽā§ā§ā§āĻĻā§āĻ° Vaginal suppository/ VT, VIA test, TVS āĻāĻ° Advice āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ đ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° (āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻĄāĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°) āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦā§ “āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§ āĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻāĻāĻĒā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž Attendant āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§…
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Information About Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Writer : Dr. Tania Hafiz2003-2004 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Defination : Inflammation of the genital tract including endometritis, salphingitis, oophoritis etc. Symptoms: LAP, LBP, offensive purulent vaginal discharge, irregular menstruation, dyspareunia, fever, dysuria, sometimes postcoital bleeding, on p/v exam swelling and redness of vulva-vagina, tender, congested cervix, H/o sexual exposure. Treatment : Edited By :…
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Learn About APTHOUS ULCER !!
Writer : Dr. Tania Hafiz2003-2004 APTHOUS ULCER :It is an ulcer that forms on the mucous membrane. An apthous ulcer is typically a recurrent round or oval sore inside the mouth on an area where the skin not tightly bound to the underlying bone. Exam: Inside the lips, cheeks, underneath the tongue. Synonym : Apthae,…
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đđđ§đĒđĸ đđĸđŽđĄđđ¨đ āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§ā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻāĻŽā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŋ !!
Writer : Ishrat Jahan Purobhi. đđđ§đĒđĸ đđĸđŽđĄđđ¨đ Increase in:- đđĸđ¯đ¤đŗđĻđĸđĩđĒđ¤ đ¤đĸđļđ´đĻ: āĻāĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻļāĻ¨ā§ Serum amylase āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ đđĩđŠđĻđŗ đ¤đĸđļđ´đĻ: ( đđŖđđĸđ¤đŖđđ: đ đđ ´đđ ŧ ) ### đđ¤đđŖđŠ đŠđ¤ đđ đŖđ¤đŠđđ, â āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ Acute pancreatitis āĻ Serum amylase Specific āĻā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§ Serum lipase āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ accurate & specific. â đžđđ§đ¤đŖđđ đĨđđŖđđ§đđđŠđđŠđđ¨ āĻ serum amylase āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤…
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đ¯đđđđđđđđđđđđđđđ āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻ° đđđđđđ đ đđđđđđ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĨ¤
Writer : Ibrat prova đŧđŖđŽđ¤đŖđ đđĄđ¨đ đđđŠ đĨđđŖđđ đđŠđŠđđđ đĄđđ đ đŠđđđ¨âī¸ đĨ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, đˇđđđđđđđđđđ đ¯đđđđđđđđđđđđđđđ āĻĨā§āĻā§ đđđđđđ đ đđđđđđ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§ āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻ¸āĻŋ. āĻ§āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŽā§-āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻāĻā§āĻž āĻšāĻā§āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ āĻāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¨āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ° āĻ¨āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻšā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§/āĻšāĻāĻŽ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻˇā§āĻ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ā§āĨ¤ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻšāĻž…
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What is Multiple myeloma?
Writer : Nusrat Surobhi Topic : Multiple myeloma. đ´ What is Multiple myeloma? It is a chronic, progressive and fatal malignant condition in which the fundamental abnormality is a neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells which infiltrate the bone marrow, and often other body tissue. āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§, āĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻāĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻžā§ Totipotent stem cell āĻāĻ° āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻĒā§ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨…
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Hydronephrosis in pregnancy āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§āĻā§ !!
Writer : Dr. Mosleh Uddin. (MBBS, CMU) Mentor, MediVerse āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§ 68%-100% Pregnancy āĻāĻ Hydronephrosis develop āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻž usually after 20 weeks of Pregnancy āĻ āĻšā§āĨ¤ Mostly in Left side āĻ āĻšā§, āĻ¤āĻŦā§ right side or Bilateral āĻ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ patient āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¨ symptoms āĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ or, Renal function normal āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ or UTI āĻāĻ°…
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Acne Management In Pregnancy !!
Writer : Mufti Dr. Ismail Azhari ( MBBS, MRCP P-1) Pregnancy āĻ¤ā§ Oral /Topical Retinoid + Doxy + Azihro (Long term) āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŽā§āĻāĻŋ Contraindicated.. āĻ¤āĻžāĻ Pregnancy āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§ Acne āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¨? Cream: Azelec 20 % at nightLotion : Clindacin bd/TDS āĻāĻ Tropical āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻŦā§āĻ¨, āĻĄā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ add āĻāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ Pregnancy…
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ā§¨ā§Ģ āĻŦāĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻĒā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻ¸ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¨ ?
Writer : Mufti Dr. Ismail Azhari ( MBBS, MRCP P-1) ā§¨ā§Ļ-ā§¨ā§Ģ āĻŦāĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻĒā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋā§ā§ āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ¸ā§,āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻžā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻŦā§āĻ¨ Urethritis.. ā§¨ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¨ Sexual exposure āĻāĻ° History,āĻāĻ History āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ¤ properly āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻšāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻā§ Urine R/M/E āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ VDRL āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¨,āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ Urine C/S āĻ…
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DMPA āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž āĻ āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž !!
Writer : Dr. Tania Hafiz āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¤āĻŋ (Newly married/ Nullipara/Multipara) āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ Contraceptive Method āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§ āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻ¸āĻā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§ Contraceptive Method āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° Problem āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯ā§ Contraceptive Method āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§āĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻāĻž…
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Churg Strauss syndrome!
Writer : Mufti Dr. Ismail Azhari ( MBBS, MRCP P-1) āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ˛ āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ° ā§Ŧā§Ģ āĻŦāĻāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¸,Outdoor āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛ā§, Cough, wheeze, dyspnea āĻ¨āĻŋā§ā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻā§ Allergic Rhinitis, Mild abdominal pain. āĻŦāĻžāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§ā§ Numbness, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ stroke āĻāĻ° history āĻ¨āĻžāĻ, history āĻ¨āĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻā§āĻ˛ā§,āĻā§ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻāĻ° āĻĨā§āĻā§ Bexitrol-F inhaler āĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤ā§ Asthma āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ Control āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§ ā§¨ā§Ļā§¨ā§¨ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ°…
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Gonorrhea āĻ¤ā§ āĻā§ History āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¨ ??
Writer : Mufti Dr. Ismail Azhari ( MBBS, MRCP P-1) āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§ Painful Milky Discharge āĻ¨āĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž Urethral discharge āĻ¨āĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĨā§āĻā§ Exposure āĻāĻ° History āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¨- Most common Diagnosis .. Gono coccal urethritis /Due to Nisseria gonorrhea.. (Culture Positive āĻāĻ¸āĻŦā§) Culture Negative āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ Diagnosis – Chlamydial urthraitis. Scenario…
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āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻ¨ Anti-Hypertensive āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¨ !!
Writer : Mufti Dr. Ismail Azhari ( MBBS, MRCP P-1) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guideline āĻ¨ā§ Anti- hypertensive āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§ Beta blocker āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ 4th line. Edited By : Nahid Hassan.
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Councelling In Back Pain!
Writer : Dr. Tania Hafiz2003-2004Z.H Sikder Womenâs Medical College and Hospital.Councelling in pain āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ°ā§āĻ/ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ Prescription āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻˇāĻ§ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāĻĻā§āĻļ/āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨āĻ HTN, Diabetes, Asthma, Dyslipidemia, Leucorrhoea, UTI, Back/Joint/ any type of pain etc etc āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§, Lifestyle Modification, āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻž/āĻāĻŋ…
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āĻā§āĻŽ āĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŋ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻ° Counselling āĻāĻ°āĻŦ !!!
Writer : Dr. Tania Hafiz2003-2004Z.H Sikder Womenâs Medical College and Hospital. āĻšā§āĻŽāĻŽ āĻāĻāĻā§āĻ° Post āĻā§āĻŽ āĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŋ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻ° Counselling āĻāĻ°āĻŦ āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ ” āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻŽ āĻšā§ āĻ¨āĻž“āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻ āĻŋāĻāĻŽāĻ¤ āĻā§āĻŽ āĻšā§āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻā§āĻŽ āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¯āĻžā§ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĨ¤” āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§āĻ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŋāĻā§…
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āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§ Leukaemia !! ( Part -1)
Writer : āĻĄāĻž. āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻĸāĻžāĻŽā§āĻ, āĻā§-ā§Ŧā§Ģ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻžāĻļā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻšā§ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻĄāĻž. āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ¨āĻ˛āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻĒ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻļā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ¨āĻ˛āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻšāĻ āĻžā§ āĻāĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻāĻā§āĻā§ āĻšā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ°ā§ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ, āĻāĻžā§āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻā§ā§ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻžā§āĻŋ āĻā§āĻāĻā§ āĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻāĻā§āĻāĨ¤ āĻšāĻ āĻžā§ āĻ¸ā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻžā§āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻĄ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžā§āĻā§ ! āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻšā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§…
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Asthma āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻˇā§āĻ§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ¨āĻž
Written by : Dr M R Sifat DMC | 14-15MBBS, BCS (Health), FCPS P-1 (Medicine)CEO & Co Founder Of MediVerse Asthma āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻˇā§āĻ§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ¨āĻž (High yield topic for FCPS) āĻāĻˇā§āĻ§ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻā§ Mechanism āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ, āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž ā§¨ āĻāĻž āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻŦā§āĻ¨, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻĨāĻž – Bronchial wall āĻāĻ° smooth muscle āĻ āĻĻā§āĻ…
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Azithromycin āĻā§āĻ¨ ā§Š āĻĨā§āĻā§ ā§Ģ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ?
Writer : Mufti. Dr Ismail AzhariMBBS, MRCP (London. UK) P-1Founder -CCR Academy Half life āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§? āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ā§ Drug āĻāĻž Body āĻĨā§āĻā§ ā§Ģā§Ļ% āĻŦā§āĻ° āĻšā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻžā§, āĻ¤āĻž āĻ āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ° half lifeāĻ§āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, Azithromycin āĻāĻ° half life 68 hours.āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻ¨ Azithromycin 500 mg āĻāĻžāĻ¨,ā§Ŧā§Ž āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻĄā§ 250 mg Azithromycin āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤ā§Ŧā§ŽÃā§¨ =ā§§ā§Šā§Ŧ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻž…
